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COLLECTOR’S CORNER
USSR - THE HOMELAND OF COSMONAUtics
Advances in space exploration became possible thanks to the work of Russian scientists K. E. Tsiolkovsky, N. I. Kiablicch, F. A. Tsander, S. P. Korolev and others.
K. E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) is considered an outstanding scientist - the father of cosmonautics. Since 1886, he systematically studied the theory of motion of jet vehicles. Tsiolkovsky created a scheme of multi-stage rocket boosters for launching into orbit a multi-ton spacecraft intended for human interplanetary flights, theoretically substantiated the principles of rocket flight and the creation of a liquid-fuel rocket engine.
The first stamp with a portrait of K. E. Tsiolkovsky was published in 1951 in the series “Great Russian Scientists” (artist V. Zavyalov), and subsequently stamps with his portrait were issued several times both in our Union and abroad.
Thus, we see a portrait of Tsiolkovsky in a series of stamps issued in 1964 (they were issued in two varieties: with teeth and without teeth) and associated with the founder of rocket theory and technology - K. E. Tsiolkovsky, N. I. Kiablicch and F. A. Tsander. A diagram of Tsiolkovsky’s space rocket is depicted on Hungarian and Polish People’s Resources stamps issued in 1964 and 1963. As can be seen in the photo, on the PPR stamp to the right of Tsiolkovsky’s rocket is the formula for rocket motion, which he derived in 1903.
The Soviets succeeded in realizing man’s age-old dream and being the first to create artificial Earth satellites and spaceships for human flight.
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Scientists, engineers and workers under the leadership of the outstanding scientist and designer S.P. Korolev (1906-1966). His sculptural portrait against the backdrop of the first artificial Earth satellite and the obelisk commemorating the victories of the Soviet people in the liberation of space is depicted on a stamp issued for Cosmonautics Day in 1969.
On October 4, 1957, humanity learned about the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite in the Soviet Union. This event heralded the beginning of a new space age. Becoming the first space power, the Soviet Union issued the first stamp (November 5, 1957), commemorating the beginning of space exploration, which depicts a satellite in orbit around the globe.
On April 12, 1961, at 9:07 a.m. in the Soviet Union, the world’s first suptin spaceship “Vostok” was released into low-Earth orbit with people on board - USSR citizen Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. At 10:55 a.m., the suptin ship, having spent 108 minutes in space, landed in a given area. The very next day the first stamp dedicated to this event appeared. It depicts a portrait of Yu. A. Gagarin and the inscription “Man of the Soviet Country in Space 12-IV-1961.”
Subsequently, many countries issued stamps commemorating the first manned space flight. After the first flight, the launch of spacecraft with astronauts on board began to follow one after another, and all these launches were interrupted by the issue of stamps in various countries of the world. In the photo you see some stamps associated with the launches of manned spacecraft in the Soviet Union.
On October 12, 1964, the three-seat Vostok spacecraft was launched. On the stamp you see the crew of this ship consisting of commander V.M. Komarov, researcher, candidate of technical sciences K.P. Feoktistov and doctor B.B. Egorov. On March 18, 1965, the Voskhod-2 spacecraft with cosmonauts P.I. Belyaev and A.A. Leonov was launched into orbit around the Earth. On the second orbit, A. A. Leonov was the first in the world to exit a ship into outer space. After spending 20 minutes in space (of which 10 minutes in the ship), he returned safely to the ship. During this time, he covered the distance from the Black Sea coast to the island of Sakhalin at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour. On one of the stamps you see an image of A. A. Leonov flying in space next to the Vostkhod-2 ship.
On October 11, 12 and 13, 1969, three spacecraft were released into low-Earth orbit for a joint flight: Soyuz-6, Soyuz-7 and Soyuz-8. Portraits of the crew members of these ships are reproduced in a scene of three stamps. These are G. S. Shonin, and V. N. Kubasov (Soyuz-6 ship), A. V. Filipenko, V. N. Volkov and V. V. Gorbatko (Soyuz-7 ship), V. A. Shatlov and A. S. Eliseev (Soyuz-8 ship). Both crew members of the Soyuz-8 spacecraft ascended into space for the second time.
On June 1, 1970, the Soyuz-9 spacecraft was launched into Earth orbit. You can see the crew of this ship A.G. Nikolaev (the second time in space) and V.I. Sevostnov on the stamp issued in honor of this flight. Having spent 424 hours in space (a record for the duration of a space flight) and completed an extensive research program, the Soyuz-9 spacecraft successfully completed quite a long mission on June 19.
A. V. Almyks