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“PARTICLES”
AND “ANTIPARTICLES”
IN A GLASS OF NARZAN
If you drink some kind of carbonated water in a glass, for example, narazan, you can see how the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water is released in the form of small bubbles that quickly float up. Such bubbles can be contrasted with liquid droplets. Droplets are “particles” of matter. Gas bubbles in a liquid behave like “antiparticles” with properties opposite to those of the corresponding particles. For example, drops fall down under the influence of gravity, while bubbles rise up. If the vessel in which the drops fall is rotated, the drops will be thrown to the periphery. In a rotating liquid, bubbles tend to the axis of rotation. If there is any heavy body inside the liquid, then the antiparticle bubbles do not hide, but push away from it. At the same time, the two bubbles will be mutually hidden.
The surface of the liquid under the conditions under consideration has interesting properties. Rising from this surface, the bubble collides with the surface in a layer and disappears almost instantly, but not without a trace: from the place where the bubble disappeared, a small drop of water flies up. On the surface of the liquid, “antiparticles” turn into particles. These particles, as if continuing the movement of the rising bubbles, fly up until the force of gravity stops them and makes them fall.
G. I. Pokrovsky
BRAND AND LABEL,
DEDICATED
M. V. OSTROGRADSKY
To mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian mathematician M. V. Ostroogradsky, a postage stamp with a portrait of the scientist was issued in December 1951. The miniatura is made according to figure by the famous artist V. Zavyalov in brown and black on pink paper.
In 1967, a label dedicated to M. V. Ostrogradsky appeared in a series of match labels with images of outstanding Russian mathematicians and physicists. In addition to the portrait of the mathematician, it shows the so-called “Ostroogradsky formula”, which is one of the most fundamental results of mathematical analysis. This formula is very often used in mathematical calculations, and is widely used in physics and mechanics - in the study of thermal, magnetic, electrical and hydromechanical phenomena (for example, in deriving the basic law of hydrostatics - Archimedes’ law).
N. N. Kolesnikov