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Impossible objects
L. Penrose, R. Penrose
The impression of three-dimensional objects can be conveyed using flat images. This can be used to create a contradictory impression.
figure non-existent structures are described here. Each part is perceived as an image of a three-dimensional three-dimensional object, but the entire figure, due to the incorrect connection of these parts, appears to be a ghost object.
An example of such a construction is shown in figure 1. Each part is a block of rectangular cross-section, but the lines in figure are connected so that the object depicted does not exist in reality. As the eye follows the edge of the block, the apparent distance from the object to the object being observed changes.
figure 2 shows a structure, each part of which is a series of steps. However, the parts of this are connected to each other in such a way that the picture as a whole is incompatible: the steps are constantly rising.
The illusion of non-existent structures can also be caused by unknown objects. To do this, they must be designed in a special way and photographed at a certain angle. An example of such a photographer is shown in figure 3. Here the action of an existing model gives the same impression as the image of an unknown staircase (Fig. 2). This is because the rightmost step when photographing is close to the camera and higher than the step that appears to be located directly above it.